2022 Best L4M7 Exam Preparation Material with New Dumps Questions
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CIPS L4M7 Exam Syllabus Topics:
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NEW QUESTION 59
The following are examples of scheduled maintenance except...
- A. Overhauling of machine
- B. Repair signage damage from a recent storm
- C. Cleaning of tank
- D. Oil changes and regular servicing
Answer: B
Explanation:
Scheduled maintenance is any repair and upkeep work performed within a set timeframe. It details when given maintenance tasks are performed and by whom. Scheduled maintenance may occur at repeating intervals or in response to a work request.
"Overhauling of machine" means that the machine is regularly checked and corrupted parts are replaced if needed.
"Cleaning of tank" and "Oil changes" also occur at time intervals as scheduled So the correct answer is "Repair signage damage from a recent storm" Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.1
NEW QUESTION 60
Can RFID tags work when they are attached to metal surfaces or embedded within metal products?
- A. Yes, all RFID tags can be used in every environmental conditions
- B. Yes, some technologies allow RFID tags to work on metal or within metal products
- C. No, metal surface reflects the radio wave and thus interferes the operations of RFID tags
- D. No, RFID tags only work with plastic products
Answer: B
Explanation:
Mounting or embedding RFID tags on metal can be tricky. Metal surfaces reflect energy emitted from RFID readers and create interference for RFID tag antennas, which means the tag isn't able to receive power and transmit information; however, specific RFID tags will work around metal sur-faces. RFID companies have patented technology that allows RFID to work when attached to metal surfaces and even embedded within metal products. As long as you choose the correct RFID equipment for your environment and application, you won't need to worry about interference from metal.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION 61
Which of the following are typical characteristics of 2D barcodes? Select TWO that apply.
- A. Every 2D barcodes must conform international standards
- B. 2D barcodes can contain more data than 1D barcodes
- C. The 2D barcodes are machine-readable
- D. 2D barcodes can be read by linear scanners
- E. 2D barcodes are exclusively used for marketing purpose
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
Two-dimensional (2D) barcodes look like squares or rectangles that contain many small, individual dots. This has many different types (i.e. Data matrix, QR codes, Aztec code,...) and several different standards in use (i.e. GS1 standards, ISO/IEC 18004:2015). It can be substituted for 1D barcode, but it has the capability to hold a larger amount of data. For examples, GS1 Data Matrix can contain 3116 Numeric characters or 2335 Alphanumeric characters while GS1-128 barcode has maximum capacity of 48 characters.
Like 1D barcodes, 2D barcodes are also machine-readable with dots/squares and spaces. They have symbology like this:
Since the code is two dimensional, conventional laser scanner can't read it. 2D barcodes require imaging scanner to read.
2D barcodes can be also used for different purposes throughout the supply chain: identifying prod-ucts/SKU (single unit, packaged or pallet), identifying content of a purchase order or delivery, identifying the batch number from which the item originates, identifying the manufacturer, country of origin etc, tracking status of an order, shipment or delivery Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION 62
Which of the following are most likely to be direct benefits of applying RFID technology? Select TWO that apply
- A. Identifying product defects
- B. Being able to work in harsh conditions without any supports
- C. Large information capacity
- D. Being able to work in 1km range or above
- E. Multiple items tracking
Answer: C,E
Explanation:
RFID tags are the small devices that can be embedded in labels or attached to tags which work with radio transmitters and/or receivers to identify themselves.
RFID tags can be used to do the following:
- Track individual items
- Track boxes of products, cages of products and pallets
- Track containers with multiple loads
- Locate equipment within a building
- Trigger alarms should equipment or stock be removed without authorisation.
RFID devices have a very small integrated circuit incorporating a small memory capability - many are smaller than 2mm square and 2mm thick. Despite its size, many can hold 2000 characters of data.
RFID operating rage depends on the radio frequency used, receiver capability and the environment. Some tags are only readable from under 1m, others can have a 100m range.
RFID tags and labels are very specific to the type of material and size of your assets. For example, metal will deactivate the RFID antenna and the tag will not transmit at all. Using RFID on metal requires a special type of tag with an RFID block to prevent interference with the antenna. Liquid products can also affect the reliability of the RFID signal. To use RFID tags in specific environ-ments, some technologies are needed to support them.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION 63
A manager who is concerned about the environmental impact of packaging should do which of the following?
- A. Try to reduce the costs of packaging
- B. Adopt international environmental packaging standards
- C. Purchase the packaging materials in bulk
- D. Not use the packaging materials at all
Answer: B
Explanation:
In principle, use of any materials involves an environmental cost. Some packaging materials use a lot of natural resources and energy to produce. The journey taken by packaging from raw material to manufacturing and then to the initial user also incurs a 'carbon footprint'. The weight of packag-ing contributes to the fuel usage of vehicles while the volume used can add up to additional jour-neys or the use of larger vehicles. Finally, the reuse, return, disposal or recycling will also involve additional to the environmental cost.
In this question:
- 'Purchase
the packaging materials in bulk' may incur additional fuel and carbon footprint in delivering these materials
- 'Try to reduce the costs of packaging' may prompt the organisation to use less eco-friendly and cheap materials like polystyrene chips
- 'Not use the packaging materials at all' can increase the environmental performance of packag-ing activities, but it also harms the products to be delivered and may cause other environmental problems (i.e. spillage of toxic chemicals into the environment) So the correct answer should be: 'Adopt international environmental packaging standards'. The International Standards Organisation (ISO) has published several standards regarding packaging and environment, namely ISO 18601, ISO 18602, ISO 18603, ISO 18604, ISO 18605, ISO 18606.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.3
NEW QUESTION 64
Which of the following is essential to effective implementation of just-in-time?
- A. No need for smoothing production
- B. Regular machine changeovers
- C. Larger warehouse for larger amount of inventory
- D. Strong links between the suppliers and the buying organisation
Answer: D
Explanation:
For JIT manufacturing to succeed, companies must have steady production, high-quality workmanship, glitch-free plant machinery, and reliable suppliers.
JIT production systems cut inventory costs because manufacturers do not have to pay storage costs. Manufacturers are also not left with unwanted inventory if an order is canceled or not fulfilled.
Reference:
- Just in Time (JIT)
- CIPS study guide page 122-124
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION 65
When using ABC analysis to classify inventory, which factors must be considered?
1. Demand uncertainty of each item
2. Cumulative percentage of items
3. Cumulative percentage usage value of items
4. Overall inventory turnover
- A. 1 and 3 only
- B. 1 and 4 only
- C. 2 and 4 only
- D. 2 and 3 only
Answer: D
Explanation:
ABC analysis is applied to stock and its management. It is based loosely on the Pareto principles, better known as 80/20 rule. Pareto principle is the theory that 80% of outcome results from 20% of inputs. For example, 80% of sales are to the top 20% of customers; 80% of spend on inventory is accounted for by the top 20% of stock items.
The ABC concept is based on Pareto's law. The following steps are carried out for the ABC analy-sis.
- Step 1: Compute the annual usage value for every item in the sample by multiplying the annual requirements by the cost per unit.
- Step 2: Arrange the items in descending order of the usage value calculated above.
- Step 3: Make a cumulative total of the number of items and the usage value.
- Step 4: Convert the cumulative total of the number of items and usage values into a percentage of their grand totals.
- Step 5: Draw a graph connecting cumulative % items and cumulative % usage value. The graph is divided approximately into three segments, where the curve sharply changes its shape. This indicates the three segments A, B and C.
LO 2, AC 2.1
NEW QUESTION 66
Which of the following are main objectives of warehouse operations? Select TWO that apply.
- A. To create sufficient space for redundant stock
- B. To generate check digits for a product code
- C. To minimise stock loss and deterioration
- D. To ensure stock available when customers demand
- E. To maintain the highest level of buffer stock
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
The purposes of stores and warehouses are:
1. Maximum use of space.
2. Ready access to all items.
3. Efficient movement of goods.
4. Effective utilization of labour & equipment's
5. Maximum protection of items
6. Good-house-keeping.
Reference:
- Warehousing: Meaning, Objectives and Functions
- CIPS study guide page 3
LO 1, AC 1.1
NEW QUESTION 67
Ranger Mobile Ltd is a emerging smartphone manufacturer. The manufacturer adopts the just-in-time method: First, the customers make orders, then it will decide which components to be pur-chased according to the bill of materials. These components are known as which of the following?
- A. Independent forecast items
- B. Indirect items
- C. Dependent demand items
- D. Capital goods
Answer: C
Explanation:
Dependent demand is the requirement for stock item which is directly related to and therefore de-pendent upon the rate of production (examples are: raw materials, components, energy). The com-ponents in the scenario are dependent demand items.
Independent demand is the requirement for stock item which is not directly related to, and is therefore independent of rate of production.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.1
NEW QUESTION 68
Which of the following statements is true of just-in-time (JIT) purchasing?
- A. In JIT purchasing, the optimal safety-stock level is the quantity of safety stock that minimizes the sum of annual relevant stockout and carrying costs
- B. In JIT purchasing, raw materials (or goods) are purchased so that products are delivered just as needed for production or sales
- C. JIT purchasing is guided solely by the EOQ model because that model emphasizes the tradeoff between relevant carrying and ordering costs
- D. Only disadvantage of JIT purchasing is the higher level carrying and inspection costs
Answer: B
Explanation:
Just-in-time (JIT) purchasing is a systems approach for developing and operating the purchasing function. JIT purchasing along with the total quality management in many industries has been suc-cessful in reducing inventory and increasing the overall effectiveness of purchasing function and hence the productivity of manufacturing.
The just-in-time objectives of eliminating waste can be summarised in the 'five zeros: zero defects, zero set-up times, zero inventories, zero handling and zero lead times.
The correct answer should be 'In JIT purchasing, raw materials (or goods) are purchased so that products are delivered just as needed for production or sales' because it expresses that upstream activity (purchasing) only occurs as the downstream activity (production or sales) triggers.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION 69
Which of the following is the cylindrical container that is suitable for liquids or loose material
- A. Drum
- B. Storage bag
- C. Industrial container
- D. Tote box
Answer: A
Explanation:
Drum is the container for stock, which is usually cylindrical and can be made from a variety of materials. Contents are usually loose material or liquids
Tote box is the reusable storage box. These can be open or have lids or flaps to close them and come in a large variety of sizes and weight loadings.
A tote is ideal for holding and hauling items such as: tools, fasteners, bark dust, dry cement, cords, wires, smaller boxes,...
For larger and bulkier items, industrial containers make it easy to keep things stored and in one spot for transportation. Due to the metal interior, an industrial container is more appropriate for items that - unlike tools and small pieces of machinery - lack any surface sensitivity.
Solid containers like bins and totes are far from the only storage devices for the various materials that are needed in abundance at factories and warehouses. Another option is the storage bag, which can be used to hold bulk supplies of items until they're needed for the department shelves or assembly lines.
LO 1, AC 1.1
NEW QUESTION 70
PPC Refinery (UK) must close down an out-of-date refinery which has very poor environmental performance. The refinery is very sophisticated with many technically complicated machineries, lubricants, coolants and other chemical substances. Decommissioning the refinery is highly risky and hazardous. To manage the decommissioning process well, PPC project team must know these machineries and substances in details. Which document can provide the technical details on the refinery?
- A. Non-disclosure agreement
- B. Code of Conduct
- C. Corporate social responsibility policy
- D. Original specifications
Answer: D
Explanation:
Decommissioning or disposal should start with the original specifications of the assets so that the organisation and supplier can make an appropriate plan. Some specifications also mention the is-sues regarding to end-of-life environmental factors.
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.3
NEW QUESTION 71
Among different types of costs associated with inventory, the opportunity cost of the investment tied up in inventory belongs to which of the following?
- A. Purchase price
- B. Holding costs
- C. Costs of stockouts
- D. Acquisition costs
Answer: B
Explanation:
Direct and indirect costs of holding inventory include the following:
- Acquisition costs
- Holding costs: There are 2 different types of holding costs: costs related to the value of the goods (including opportunity costs, costs of insurance, losses due to product deterioration, etc) and costs related to the physical characteristics of this inventory.
- Costs of stockouts
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.2
NEW QUESTION 72
Do all types of warehouses require access to daylight to reduce the cost of electricity?
- A. No, because some types of stock are sensitive to sunlight
- B. No, because only ventilation can help to reduce the humidity in the warehouse
- C. Yes, because organisation's need for artificial lighting and heating will reduce
- D. Yes, because sunlight sterilises inventories in damp conditions
Answer: A
Explanation:
The design of a building should consider the advantages of natural light as this can reduce the cost of artificial lighting and improve the environmental performance of the building. Daylight entering the building can also help reduce heating costs. Unfortunately some stocks react badly to direct sunlight, and some stock reacts badly to extreme of temperature or may require a specific temperature for storage. Some stock may require a warmer temperature than the ambient temperature and other stocks may require cooler temperature. For example, fabric and garment are sensitive to direct sunlight as ultraviolet light catalyses a reaction between the water present in all fabrics and atmospheric oxygen to create hydrogen peroxide. This is a bleaching agent and breaks down the chemical bonds that give dyes their colour.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.1
NEW QUESTION 73
XYZ Ltd is a large retailer who offers a range of products with different margins. The warehouse manager suggests that different product groups should have different level of safety stock. The appropriate level of safety stock is typically determined by...?
- A. Taking the square root of the economic order quantity
- B. Carrying sufficient safety stock so as to eliminate all stockouts
- C. Choosing the level of safety stock that assures a given service level
- D. Expected stockout cost multiplies with product margin
Answer: C
Explanation:
Safety stock is the stock held as a contingency or insurance against disruption or unexpected de-mand. Holding safety stock reduces the risks of stockouts, when an organisation is unable to meet an order or continue production due to lack of finished goods or input materials.
For single items, an extra investment in inventory (higher levels of safety stock) will always in-crease customer service levels. Conversely, higher service levels imply larger quantities of safety stocks and an increased investment in inventory. (Procurement and Supply Chain Management - 9th Edition) However, high levels of safety stocks also increase the inventory cost. There must be a balance between inventory costs and customer service. Thus, calculating the should-be safety stock based on a determined service level has long been recommended by many professionals.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.2
NEW QUESTION 74
A pharmaceutical firm offers a new drug called NC-01. After analysing the market, the firm realises that the demand is largely variable. But they still have to forecast the customer demand for the next production cycle. The new drug NC-01 is best described as which type of item?
- A. Overhead items
- B. Indirect demand
- C. Dependent demand
- D. Independent demand
Answer: D
Explanation:
Dependent demand is the requirement for stock item which is directly related to and therefore de-pendent upon the rate of production (examples are: raw materials, components, energy) Independent demand is the requirement for stock item which is not directly related to, and is therefore independent of rate of production. Although independent demand is called thus, it can still be influenced by economic factors external to the demand-supply model such as general consumer sentiment and consumers' available disposal income. However, businesses that need to predict the number of products with independent demand needed to sate their customers have it easier than businesses that must calculate the demand for products with dependent demand because there are fewer factors to consider.
In this scenario, the new drug is finished good which is dependent on the demand of the market, and the firm needs to forecast before initiating the production process. The item is independent from rate of production, therefore, it must be independent demand item.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.1
NEW QUESTION 75
A supermarket calculates that the average holding cost for an item is $1.50 per cubic meter per day. A beer pallet which has volume of 0.5 cubic meter will be stored for 5 days. What is the holding cost of this beer pallet?
- A. $3.75
- B. $4.25
- C. $4.50
- D. $4.00
Answer: A
Explanation:
The holding cost per day of the beer pallet is equal to 1.50/2=0.75
The beer pallet is stored for 5 days, the total holding cost is: 0.75*5=3.75.
LO 2, AC 2.2
NEW QUESTION 76
Extra units that are held in inventory to reduce the risks of stock-out are called...?
- A. Just-in-time
- B. Reorder point
- C. Safety stock
- D. Demand variance
Answer: C
Explanation:
The safety stock (or buffer stock) is the stock level that limits stock shortages due to unforeseen events (forecasts not in line with demand, longer than expected supply time, etc...) Demand variance is the degree to which the demand in a fixed period deviates from the average demand of the same period.
A reorder point is the unit quantity on hand that triggers the purchase of a predetermined amount of replenishment inventory.
The just-in-time (JIT) inventory system is a management strategy that aligns raw-material orders from suppliers directly with production schedules.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.1
NEW QUESTION 77
The ABC approach involves classifying inventory items by unit cost, with expensive items classi-fied as 'A' items and low cost items classified as 'C' items. Is this statement true?
- A. Yes, 'C' items with the lowest unit prices are the tail spends
- B. No, ABC analysis considers the usage of each inventory item
- C. Yes, 'A' items represent approximately 20% of total unit prices
- D. No, ABC analysis considers the supply risks associated with an inventory item
Answer: B
Explanation:
ABC analysis is an approach for classifying inventory items based on the items' consumption val-ues. Consumption value is the total value of an item consumed over a specified time period, for example a year. The approach is based on the Pareto principle to help manage what matters and is applied in this context:
- A items are goods where annual consumption value is the highest. Applying the Pareto principle (also referred to as the 80/20 rule where 80 percent of the output is determined by 20 percent of the input), they comprise a relatively small number of items but have a relatively high consumption value. So it's logical that analysis and control of this class is relatively intense, since there is the greatest potential to reduce costs or losses.
- B items are interclass items. Their consumption values are lower than A items but higher than C items. A key point of having this interclass group is to watch items close to A item and C item classes that would alter their stock management policies if they drift closer to class A or class C. Stock management is itself a cost. So there needs to be a balance between controls to protect the asset class and the value at risk of loss, or the cost of analysis and the potential value returned by reducing class costs. So, the scope of this class and the inventory management policies are determined by the estimated cost-benefit of class cost reduction, and loss control systems and processes.
- C items have the lowest consumption value. This class has a relatively high proportion of the total number of lines but with relatively low consumption values. Logically, it's not usually cost-effective to deploy tight inventory controls, as the value at risk of significant loss is relatively low and the cost of analysis would typically yield relatively low returns.
LO 2, AC 2.1
NEW QUESTION 78
Which of the following is the Japanese word for 'billboard' or 'signboard'?
- A. Poka-Yoke
- B. Kaizen
- C. Kanban
- D. Muda
Answer: C
Explanation:
Kanban (看板) (signboard or billboard in Japanese) is a scheduling system for lean manufacturing and just-in-time manufacturing (JIT).
Poka-yoke (ポカヨケ, [poka yoke]) is a Japanese term that means "mistake-proofing" or "inadvertent error prevention". A poka-yoke is any mechanism in any process that helps an equipment operator avoid (yokeru) mistakes (poka). Its purpose is to eliminate product defects by preventing, correcting, or drawing attention to human errors as they occur.
Kaizen is a concept referring to business activities that continuously improve all functions and involve all employees from the CEO to the assembly line workers. Kaizen (改善) is the Sino-Japanese word for "improvement". Kaizen also applies to processes, such as purchasing and logis-tics, that cross organizational boundaries into the supply chain.
Muda (無駄, on'yomi reading) is a Japanese word meaning "futility; uselessness; wastefulness", and is a key concept in lean process thinking, like the Toyota Production System (TPS) as one of the three types of deviation from optimal allocation of resources (the others being mura and muri). Waste reduction is an effective way to increase profitability.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION 79
Which component of an RFID device is responsible for sending and receiving radio waves?
- A. Antenna
- B. Integrated circuit
- C. Laser beam
- D. Network database
Answer: A
Explanation:
RFID tags are made of three different components: an RFID chip, which is an integrated circuit (IC), an antenna, and a substrate. RFID Antennas are necessary elements in an RFID system be-cause they convert the RFID reader's signal into RF waves that can be picked up by RFID tags. Without some type of RFID antenna, whether integrated or stand-alone, the RFID reader cannot properly send and receive signals to RFID tags.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION 80
Which of the following is the character that allows the computer to verify whether a product code is entered correctly?
- A. 3-digit prefix
- B. Radio frequency identification
- C. Barcode
- D. Check digit
Answer: D
Explanation:
Many codes have integrated check digits. These are additional numbers or characters added to codes that a computer uses to verify the number is valid. The intention is to reduce the likelihood of miskeying an item and hitting an alternative live item. More often, a system is devised which a computer can calculate using combination of numbers.
Barcode is a graphic symbol used to convey data. Typically the characters in a barcode symbol consist of bars/space pattern. Barcode is the method of representing data in a visual, machine-readable form. Initially barcodes represented data by varying the width and spacing of parallel lines.
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects.
A prefix is an affix which is placed before the stem of a word or a string. A product code may have prefix which indicates its group, country, origins, etc.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION 81
Which of the following costs does the EOQ minimise?
- A. Total cost of safety stock
- B. Total cost of annual inventory cost
- C. Total cost of carrying stock
- D. Total cost of ordering inventory
Answer: B
Explanation:
Economic order quantity (EOQ) was developed in 1913 by Ford W.
Harris and has been refined over time. The formula assumes that demand, ordering, and holding costs all remain constant. The EOQ minimizes the total annual inventory cost.
EOQ formula is as follow:
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION 82
Which of the following is often created by each business and commonly used for the purpose of inventory management?
- A. FDA product code
- B. SKU
- C. ISBN
- D. Harmonised system
Answer: B
Explanation:
Organisations often create their own stock keeping unit (SKU) numbering system, which may or may not have a meaningful structure. Stock keeping unit is a number that is assigned to a product for the purpose of inventory management and is of tracking. In other words, a stock keeping unit is a unique identifier assigned to each product for easier and more efficient record keeping.
An FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) product code describes a specific product and contains a combination of five to seven numbers and letters. The product code submitted with each FDA line item should match the actual product name and/or invoice description of the product.
The International Standard Book Number is a numeric commercial book identifier which is in-tended to be unique. Publishers purchase ISBNs from an affiliate of the International ISBN Agency.
The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, also known as the Harmonized System (HS) of tariff nomenclature is an internationally standardized system of names and numbers to classify traded products.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION 83
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