[Mar 19, 2023] Latest Questions GMAT Guide to Prepare Free Practice Tests
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NEW QUESTION 262
In an experiment, two different types of recorded music were played for neonates in adjacent nurseries in a hospital. In nursery A, classical music was played; in nursery B, rock music was played. After two weeks, it was found that the babies in nursery A cried less, suffered fewer minor ailments, and gained more weight than did the babies in nursery B.
Which of the following additional experimental data would support the hypothesis that classical music is beneficial to the development of newborn?
- A. The music played in nursery A was louder than that played in nursery B.
- B. The newborns in nursery A cried less, suffered fewer minor ailments, and gained more weight than did newborns in a nursery with no music.
- C. The ratio of nurses to newborns in nursery B was 1 to 4; in nursery A, it was 1 to 6.
- D. Nursery A contained 15 percent more premature babies than nursery B.
- E. The neonates in a nursery where no music was played fared better than those in nursery B.
Answer: B
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NEW QUESTION 263
The financial hub of a business management information system (MIS) is accounting, the system of recording, analyzing, and reporting economic transactions.
- A. The financial hub of a business management information system (MIS) is accounting, the system of recording, analyzing, and reporting economic transactions.
- B. A system of recording, analyzing, and reporting economic transactions, the financial hub of a business management information system (MIS) is accounting.
- C. A system of accounting is a business management information system (MIS)'s financial hub, in that it is used to record, analyze, and report economic transactions.
- D. The financial hub of a business management information system (MIS), which is accounting, is the system of recording, analyzing, and used to report economic transactions.
- E. The financial hub of a business management information system (MIS) is accounting, it is the system of recording, analyzing, and reporting economic transactions.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Choice b is a run-on sentence. Choice c inserts an unnecessary which clause, making the sentence unnecessarily wordy. Choice d misplaces the modifier a system of recording, analyzing, and reporting economic transactions, which should be as close as possible to accounting. Choice e has awkward word order and the indirect and bulky phrase in that it is.
NEW QUESTION 264
The primary purpose of the passage is to
- A. explain why some of the subjects in the study did not commit the conjunction fallacy
- B. Identify an area In which mathematical probability theory needs to make further advancements
- C. discuss why the conjunction fallacy is a mistake
- D. describe the conjunction fallacy and consider evidence as to whether it is in fact widely committed
- E. illustrate how the formulation of choices in terms of betting can eliminate certain forms of ambiguity
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Mathematical principles of probability entail that for any future event, the probability that it will occur Is at least as great as the probability that both it and some other given event will occur. Consider, for example, the following statements that were shown to subjects in a 1998 study.
X The percentage of adolescent smokers In Texas will decrease at least 15% from current levels by September
1, 1999.
Y The cigarette tax in Texas will increase by $1.00 per pack in 1999.
Z The cigarette tax in Texas will increase by $1.00 per pack in 1999, and the percentage of adolescent smokers in Texas will decrease at least 15% from current levels by September 1, 1999.
Z("Kand X") could not have been more probable than X.
Nevertheless, many of the subjects judged Zto be more probable than X.
This mistaken form of reasoning, displayed with surprising frequency in various studies in addition to the 1998 study, is known as the "conjunction fallacy." A number of researchers have offered alternative explanations for the seeming manifestations of the mistake, thus arguing that the fallacy is less widely committed than the various studies would indicate. Some have claimed that research subjects can take "probability" in a sense that does not conform to the mathematical principles of probability. Detailed descriptions of some such conceptions of "probability" have been developed under the names of "confirmation" and "support." Other researchers would claim, correctly, that subjects shown Z(" Kand X") and ^simultaneously will sometimes think of Xas involving the negation of Y-as a claim that the percentage of adolescent smokers in Texas will decrease, but without the $1.00 increase in the cigarette tax.
However, although the subjects in the 1998 study were to consider Xand Z simultaneously, the statements were presented in terms of bets rather than explicit requests for judgments of relative probability. Subjects were asked to choose between Zand X, with a chance of winning $50.00 if the chosen statement turned out to be true. Terms such as "most probable," "likely," etc., were thus avoided, and the interpretation of X\n conjunction with the negation of Kwas thereby eliminated. And with these alternative explanations eliminated, many of the subjects nonetheless bet on Zrather than X:
NEW QUESTION 265
Some commentators complain that a "litigation explosion" in the past decade has led to unreasonably high costs for U.S. businesses by encouraging more product liability suits against manufacturers. However, these complaints are based mainly on myth. Statistics show that the number of successful product liability suits has remained almost the same, and the average sum awarded in damages has grown no faster than the inflation rate.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?
- A. Juries often award damages in product liability suits out of emotional sympathy for an injured consumer.
- B. Lawyers often undertake product liability cases on a contingency basis, so their payment is based on the size of the damages awarded.
- C. The number of unsuccessful suits has skyrocketed, imposing huge new legal expenses on businesses.
- D. Several of the largest awards ever made in product liability cases occurred within the last two years.
- E. The rise of the consumer movement has encouraged citizens to seek legal redress for product flaws.
Answer: C
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NEW QUESTION 266
Recent evidence appears to contradict earlier findings that suggested that those who are physically fit cope better with stressful real-life events. Of a group of healthy women, those randomly assigned to a ten- week program of aerobic exercises performed no better in laboratory tests simulating stressful situations than did the subgroup assigned to a program without exercise.
Which of the following, if true, provides evidence for determining whether physical fitness makes one react better to stress?
- A. Superior reaction to laboratory stress situations was found to be more prevalent among women than among men.
- B. Subjects following a regimen during which they perfected their skills in a variety of relaxation techniques found that their lives seemed calmer after they began the regimen.
- C. Healthy men, after training six months in weight lifting, encountered fewer potentially stressful situations in the subsequent six months.
- D. College students with previous high levels of stressful life events showed a markedly reduced reaction to such events after training in aerobics for six months.
- E. Subjects with a high level of self-esteem more often engaged in physical-fitness regimens than did a control group of subjects with average levels of self-esteem.
Answer: D
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NEW QUESTION 267
The National Institute on Drug Abuse Warning Network reported an increase both in the number of admissions to hospital emergency rooms nationwide that involved drug abuse and a change in procedures used in rehabilitation clinics.
- A. reported an increase both in the numbers of admissions to hospital emergency rooms nationwide that involved drug abuse and a change in procedures
- B. reported both an increase in the number of admissions to hospital emergency rooms nationwide that involved drug abuse and a change in procedures
- C. reported both an increase in the number of admissions to emergency rooms of nationwide hospitals that involved drug abuse and a change in procedures
- D. reported an increase both in the number of admissions to hospital emergency rooms nationwide that involved drug abuse and a change in procedures used in rehabilitation clinics.
- E. reported an increase both in the number of admissions to hospital emergency rooms nationwide that involved drug abuse and procedures that changed
Answer: B
Explanation:
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Explanation:
The best answer is B.
Choice B correctly places the word both after the verb.
NEW QUESTION 268
William Hornby acquired bison herds for breeding stock hoping that this move would eventually lead to increasing in their numbers, and a fortification of their environment.
- A. increasing in their numbers,
- B. an increase in their numbers,
- C. an increasing in numbers,
- D. an increasing in the numbers of them,
- E. their increase in numbers,
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The best answer is B.
Choice B clearly and correctly uses parallel noun phrases to list the effects of Hornby's actions: an increase in... a fortification of
NEW QUESTION 269
Millions of people in the United States are affected by eating disorders, more than 90% of those afflicted are adolescents or young women.
- A. Eating disorders, over 90%
- B. Eating disorders. Ninety percent more
- C. eating disorders; more than 90%
- D. eating disorders, more than 90%
- E. eating disorders, of which more than 90%
Answer: C
Explanation:
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Explanation:
b. Choice a is a run-on sentence, which choice b corrects by changing the comma to a semicolon. Choice c creates a wordy and awkward sentence. Choice d changes the meaning of the sentence and makes it unclear - 90% more of what? Choice e is also a run-on.
NEW QUESTION 270
With the proliferation of electronic technologies in the latter part of the twentieth century, many aspects of cultural practice have been redefined. The eradication of physical boundaries that limit discourse and information access has had profound effects upon the manner in which we conduct democracy. Yet, opinions strongly differ over whether or not the growth of electronic networks will result in expanded democracy. On one side of the debate are anti-utopians who fear that with the intrusion of the Internet into many facets of life, personal freedom will be impeded and the existing rift between the "haves" and "have- nots" in society will grow. On the other side, many 'cyber-utopians' believe that new technologies can eliminate the democracy of elected representatives with which so many people are dissatisfied. The Internet, they say, will allow for a true participatory democracy in which citizens can govern themselves without the interference of bureaucrats and legislators.
Neither of these theories by themselves can fully address the role of democracy in the age of information.
As debates about censorship and encryption have shown, government regulation of the Internet can result in violations of the basic rights of speech set forth in the constitution of the United States. Yet, groups that preach 'Big Brother' theories of paranoia tend to neglect the fact that new technologies can help balance the injustices of traditional power found in a centralized government. At the same time, the likelihood of doing away with the present system of democracy in favor of complete and pure self-governance seems impossible and likely undesirable.
Both arguments about the future of the way in which discourse will occur highlight the inherent relationship between communication and democracy. Perhaps a more useful model for the study of this dynamic can be found in the model of the public sphere proposed by Jorgen Habermas. In this realm, free and diverse equals come together to deliberate and discuss pertinent issues without the impediment of external coercion. The ensuing dialogue transpires in a profoundly democratic forum. The dispensing of traditional hierarchies that occurs on the Internet appears to make possible the type of categories necessary for Habermas 'ideal speech situation to occur.
However, postmodern critics indicate that the autonomous individual no longer exists in a world where our identities are constructed as much for us as by us. And indeed, much of the postmodern notion of self seems to fit closely with reconfigurations of the subject brought on by electronic technologies. The question that arises then is how might the reconfiguration of communication enabled by the Internet work to create a new form of cyber-democracy' that better represents citizen's interests?
The author is primarily concerned with
- A. Advocating the use of the electronic technologies to improve democracy
- B. Explaining the importance of electronic technologies to modern politics
- C. Challenging the assumptions on which a theory of modern democracy is based
- D. Describing events leading to the discovery of democratic uses of electronic technologies
- E. Examining the relationship between Internet communication and democracy
Answer: E
Explanation:
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Explanation:
The best answer is E.
The answer is not A.
because the author does not reach any conclusions.
D. is incorrect because it does not discuss modern politics in general.
NEW QUESTION 271
Holiday receipts - the total sales recorded in the fourth quarter of the year - determine the economic success or failure of many retail businesses. Camco, a retailer selling just one camera model, is an excellent example. Camco's holiday receipts, on average, account for a third of its yearly total receipts and about half of its yearly profits.
If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true about Camco on the basis of them?
- A. It makes less profit, on average, for a given dollar amount of sales during the first three quarters combined than during the fourth quarter.
- B. Its fixed expenses per camera sold are higher during the fourth quarter than for any of the other three quarters.
- C. Its per-camera retail price is lower, on average, during the fourth quarter than during any one of the first three quarters.
- D. The per-camera price it pays to wholesalers is higher, on average, during the fourth quarter than during any of the other three quarters.
- E. It makes more profit during the first and third quarters combined than during the fourth quarter.
Answer: A
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NEW QUESTION 272
The passage suggests most strongly that in the presence of certain economic conditions, gray markets will encourage authorized retailers to
- A. develop a better relationship with manufacturers
- B. abandon trying to attract certain types of customers that they would otherwise try to attract
- C. compete more intensely with other authorized retailers
- D. advertise less frequently
- E. begin selling higher quality products
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
Manufacturers and retailers tend to look askance at gray markets, where products are sold at cut-rate prices outside their authorized distribution channels. Manufacturers fear that gray markets will undercut margins and tarnish brand names. Retailers fear that they will siphon away customers and erode prices.
A new study indicates, however, that gray marketing actually benefits manufacturers and retailers in markets that meet two criteria: first, sharp differences exist in consumers' price sensitivity; second, large numbers of consumers are price-insensitive. In such markets, the low prices of the gray market will attract the most price-sensitive customers. The authonzed channels will then compete only for the remaining customers-those who are insensitive to price but sensitive to service.
When that happens, the structure of competition and the economics of the market shift. The authorized retailers, freed from having to cater to the bargain hunters, can raise their prices and focus on service. If the concentration of price-insensitive shoppers is high enough, the resulting increase in prices will more than offset the loss of sales to the bargain hunters. The margins and profits of the authorized retailers will increase, and manufacturers will, as a result, be able to boost their wholesale prices.
NEW QUESTION 273
Six months or so after getting a video recorder, many early buyers apparently lost interest in obtaining videos to watch on it. The trade of businesses selling and renting videos is still buoyant, because the number of homes with video recorders is still growing. But clearly, once the market for video recorders is saturated, businesses distributing videos face hard times.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion above?
- A. The early buyers of a novel product are always people who are quick to acquire novelties, but also often as quick to tire of them.
- B. Few of the early buyers of video recorders raised any complaints about performance aspects of the new product.
- C. Among the items handled by video distributors are many films specifically produced as video features.
- D. The market for video recorders would not be considered saturated until there was one in 80 percent of homes.
- E. In a shrinking market, competition always intensifies and marginal businesses fail.
Answer: A
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NEW QUESTION 274
Environmentalist: The commissioner of the Fish and Game Authority would have the public believe that increases in the number of marine fish caught demonstrate that this resource is no longer endangered.
This is a specious argument, as unsound as it would be to assert that the ever-increasing rate at which rain forests are being cut down demonstrates a lack of danger to that resource. The real cause of the increased fish-catch is a greater efficiency in using technologies that deplete resources.
The environmentalist's statements, if true, best support which of the following as a conclusion?
- A. The proportion of marine fish that are caught is as high as the proportion of rain-forest trees that are cut down each year.
- B. The use of technology is the reason for the increasing encroachment of people on nature.
- C. It is possible to determine how many fish are in the sea in some way other than by catching fish.
- D. Modern technologies waste resources by catching inedible fish.
- E. Marine fish continue to be an endangered resource.
Answer: E
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NEW QUESTION 275
Corporate Officer: Last year was an unusually poor one for our chemical division, which has traditionally contributed about 60 percent of the corporation's profits. It is therefore encouraging that there is the following evidence that the pharmaceutical division is growing stronger: it contributed 45 percent of the corporation's profits, up from 20 percent the previous year.
On the basis of the facts stated, which of the following is the best critique of the evidence presented above?
- A. The information cited does not make it possible to determine whether the 20 percent share of profits cited was itself an improvement over the year before.
- B. In multidivisional corporations that have pharmaceutical divisions, over half of the corporation's profits usually come from the pharmaceuticals.
- C. The increase in the pharmaceutical division's contribution to corporation profits could have resulted largely from the introduction of single, important new product.
- D. The information cited does not make it possible to compare the performance of the chemical and pharmaceutical divisions in of the percent of total profits attributable to each.
- E. The percentage of the corporation's profits attributable to the pharmaceutical division could have increased even if that division's performance had not improved.
Answer: E
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NEW QUESTION 276
The average (arithmetic mean) of a list of 5 numbers is 50. The sum of 2 numbers in the list is 70 and the sum of 2 other numbers in the list is 110. What is the remaining number in the list?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
- E. 4
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 277
Because postage rates are rising, Home Decorator magazine plans to maximize its profits by reducing by one half the number of issues it publishes each year. The quality of articles, the number of articles published per year, and the subscription price will not change. Market research shows that neither subscribers nor advertisers will be lost if the magazine's plan is instituted.
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest evidence that the magazine's profits are likely to decline if the plan is instituted?
- A. The majority of the magazine's subscribers are less concerned about a possible reduction in the quantity of the magazine's articles than about a possible loss of the current high quality of its articles.
- B. Most of the advertisers that purchase advertising space in the magazine will continue to spend the same amount on advertising per issue as they have in the past.
- C. Production costs for the magazine are expected to remain stable.
- D. With the new postage rates, a typical issue under the proposed plan would cost about one-third more to mail than a typical current issue would.
- E. Many of the magazine's long-time subscribers would continue their subscriptions even if the subscription price were increased.
Answer: B
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NEW QUESTION 278
West River Glen is deciding which network architecture should replace its old copper telephone lines. The town will replace 300 miles of Outside Plant (OSP) cable that will serve approximately 2,500 homes.
The first option is to install a Fiber to the Home (FTTH) system architecture that uses fiber-optic cable to transmit signals from the source to each home. The advantages of this architecture include greater bandwidth capabilities, less signal loss, and slightly lower new-cable deployment costs than the second option. Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC).
An HFC network integrates fiber-optic cables and devices with coaxial cables.
This will cost the town substantially less money for internal equipment and for customer installations.
However, the coaxial cable does not last as long as fiberoptic cable and will thus need to be replaced more frequently, resulting in higher long-term maintenance expenses.
The town believes that either the FTTH or HFC architectures will be capable of serving the communities' data and television needs for the next 30 years.
For each of the following statements, select Supported'if the statement is supported by the information given.
Otherwise, select Not supported.
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation
NEW QUESTION 279
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - a noninvasive diagnostic procedure - can be used to identify blockages in the coronary arteries. In contrast to angiograms - the invasive procedure customarily used
- MRI's pose no risk to patients. Thus, to guarantee patient safety in the attempt to diagnose arterial blockages, MRI's should replace angiograms in all attempts at diagnosing coronary blockages.
Which of the following, if true, would most support the recommendation above?
- A. Angiograms reveal more information about the nature of a blockage than an MRI can.
- B. Angiograms can be used to diagnose conditions other than blockages in arteries.
- C. An MRI is just as likely as an angiogram to identify an arterial blockage.
- D. MRI's were designed primarily in order to diagnose blockages in the coronary arteries.
- E. Some patients for whom an angiogram presents no risk are unwilling to undergo an MRI.
Answer: C
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NEW QUESTION 280
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